What is a Feeder?
A feeder is an integral component of the electrical distribution network, often referred to as high-voltage switchgear. It serves as a pathway for transmitting electricity from the switchgear to the distribution panel. In simpler terms, a feeder is the outlet section of the high-voltage switchgear, directly connecting the high-voltage outlet to the transformer.
Components of High-Voltage Switchgear:
- Feeder Switchgear: Outgoing switchgear handling power distribution.
- Receiving Switchgear: Incoming switchgear receiving power from the source.
Together, these components make up the high-voltage switchgear, commonly used in electrical systems.
Types of Feeders
Feeders are linked to a feeder bus to distribute power to various loads such as lighting, motors, air conditioners, industrial machinery, and more. Each feeder is safeguarded by switchgear devices like switch-fuse units or molded case circuit breakers (MCCB), depending on the type of load.
1. Lighting Load Feeder
- Designed for lighting circuits.
- Equipped with earth leakage current protection to prevent fire and property damage caused by harmful current leaks.
2. Industrial Machinery Load Feeder
- Powers industrial machinery, such as ovens or electroplating baths.
- Protected by switch-fuse units and MCCBs to safeguard the machinery from electrical faults.
3. Motor Feeder
- Supplies power to motors and ensures protection against:
- Short circuits
- Overload conditions
- Locked rotor situations
- Single-phasing
- These feeders are crucial for maintaining the safety and performance of motor-driven systems.
Distribution Feeders in the Network
In the context of the electrical distribution network, feeders refer to branches or connections linking the distribution network nodes. They carry power from substations to end users through distribution feeder circuits.
Features of Distribution Feeders:
- Conductors that link the input terminals of the main circuit to the output terminals of a distribution substation.
- May use substation exit cables or underground cables, which improve the substation’s appearance and reliability.
Structure of Distribution Networks:
- The main feeder acts as the 3-phase backbone, also called the mainline or mains.
- These conductors are usually large, such as 500-750 kcmil aluminum.
- Main feeders are often rated for 400A, with emergency ratings of 600A for better reliability.
- Feeders extend from substations in various directions to serve customers effectively.
Summary
Feeders are critical components in both the transmission and distribution networks. They ensure the smooth flow of power from substations to end users while safeguarding against electrical faults. Feeders play a vital role in maintaining the reliability and efficiency of the power supply system, whether for lighting, industrial machinery, or motors.
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